WORK OUT WITH WEIGHTS FOR HEALTHY BONES: ABOUT STRENGTH TRAINING

July 23rd, 2011

In strength training, “flow” is built on a foundation of maintaining good posture and using the appropriate muscles to do the work. “Cheating,” by letting another, more distant muscle take over, exposes you to the risk of strain or injury, and undermines building strength in the targeted area. You may go through the motions, striking the positions and diligently counting the repetitions, but all you’ll achieve is finishing the workout. You won’t be getting stronger, at least not in a healthy and efficient way.So note the keys to correct body positioning. Your abdominal muscles are central to most of the movements you make with any part of the body—and are key for balance and for preventing back strain—so keep them engaged. Keep the natural curve in your back, and don’t compensate for other muscles’ work by arching or hyperextending. Anytime you lift your arms over your head, or do any other motion that strains the lower back, use a “pelvic tilt” to protect your back: draw your abdominal muscles gently in and up, pulling your tailbone down and as if to curve it forward slightly, rocking your hips forward just a bit. (This is a “I know it when I feel it” kind of motion, which no amount of description can really capture. You just have to try it for yourself and see.) Don’t “lock” your joints (pushing an extension as far as it can go when straightening a limb). Keep them slightly soft instead. Keep your wrists in line with your forearms.Good technique is equally important. Don’t hold your breath! Exhale as you do the first part of a move that engages your muscles strongly, and inhale on the release. Use your full range of motion, but don’t lock your joints. Move slowly, using a count of three for the first part of the exercise (tightening the muscles) and another three seconds to release. In the following exercises, muscle is actually built more in that release than in the initial movement, when it feels like you are working harder. Don’t slack off in the second half, or you’ll be getting less than half the full benefit.Finally, use a sensible approach to resistance and repetition to get the most out of your strength training. You should do two sets of fifteen repetitions of each exercise below, separated by a minute’s rest. Use enough resistance (whether from hand weights, free weights, a weight machine, exercise bands, or just your body and gravity) so that the last three or four of the second set are a little difficult, but not so much that you can’t get to the end of that second set. Doing the full routine two or three times per week will give you a good bone-density workout as a complement to your weight-bearing aerobic exercise. When the last few reps in the second set are easy, step up the amount of resistance you are using. Increase the weight no more than 10 percent at a time, so you will still be able to perform two sets with the new, heavier weight. Rest a day between strength workouts. (If you want to do some every day, focus on lower body and abs one day, and upper body the next, so each muscle group gets a day of rest.)The exercises given here will hit all of the major muscle groups, with a particular focus on your hips and back. Many of them require no more resistance than gravity and the weight of your own body, and some call for hand weights. (You’ll find equivalent moves on weight machines at the gym. You can also use exercise bands, which are more portable but less precise.) Start with 1- to 3-pound weights (men, or anyone who already has significant upper-body strength, may begin with somewhat higher weights), moving up to heavier ones as you become able to. If an exercise doesn’t need weights, start with more advanced options when you can. There are no prizes for lifting the heaviest weights or stretching the farthest. As long as your body is working—hard, but safely—you’re benefiting. If you are still using 3-pound weights for the shoulder press months later because the next increment is just too heavy to complete your sets, who cares? If your shoulders don’t clear the floor by more than 1/4 inch in the crunch, so what? Keep at it and progress will come. But it looks different for everyone. Your body will show you what to do, and when to move on—and how much good you are doing yourself.*124\228\2*

HEADACHES: THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

July 16th, 2011

The muscle coats of blood vessels are supplied by nerves which, unlike those relaying pain sensations, have functions similar to those of nerves going to other muscle fibres; stimulation causes the muscle to contract and so narrow the blood vessels.These particular nerves come from part of the nervous system which, because it deals with functions not usually under control of the conscious mind, is called the autonomic nervous system. This system is in two parts, the sympathetic and parasympathetic, each of which has different actions.The sympathetic increases tension (tone) of the blood vessel walls, making them more resistant to increases in blood pressure; it also has effects on the heart, speeding its action, as well as on the circulation to other organs. It is the sympathetic system which takes over in situations of danger in the well-known ‘fight or flight’ situation. Activation of this system causes release of adrenalin from the adrenal gland, which then continues to have effects making the organism ready for action.Stimulating the sympathetic system alters the blood vessel caliber with decrease of blood flow to the skin; this can also be altered by various techniques such as putting the hands in hot water, relaxation, or taking nitroglycerine (a drug used in treatment of angina since it dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, thereby lessening the strain on the heart).Other factors which control blood vessel diameter are local changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide and acidity, increases of which will cause the blood vessels to dilate. This is important for exercising muscles because, by producing lactic acid as a waste product, they increase the blood supply to the muscles.
*23/152/5*

SKIN AND LASER SURGERY: TYPES OF LASERS AND LASERS IN THE FUTURE

July 15th, 2011

Green light lasers There are several types of green light lasers which are useful for treating brown pigment spots (‘age spots’) and brown birthmarks.
Black pigment lasersAgain, there are several types of black pigment lasers. These selectively destroy black pigment in the skin and so are good for removing black tattoos which can be very difficult to remove by other means.
KTP lasersKTP (potassium titanyl phosphate) lasers combine the properties of carbon dioxide lasers and Nd-Yag lasers. They are used to cut tissue and are able to seal larger blood vessels than carbon dioxide lasers. A KTP laser can also be introduced into the body through a tube and used to cut internal tissue. KTP lasers have particular application in cosmetic surgery, enabling procedures such as face-lifting, brow-lifting and neck-lifting to be performed bloodlessly. This in turn means less bruising and swelling are seen and many people are able to return to work and social activities within a week. There is also less external cutting and scarring on the skin surface.
Eximer lasersEximer lasers are used mainly in eye surgery to sculpt the cornea, which is necessary to correct short-sightedness.
Holmiym Yag lasersHolmiym Yag lasers are mainly used for joint surgery and urology, but may have a role in cosmetic surgery.
Lasers in the futureNew lasers are constantly being developed. In the future we can expect something of an explosion in the application of lasers in many areas of medicine. All the lasers mentioned above are currently in use in Australia, but, as mentioned, treatment is still very costly. In addition, technical faults can occur, but as technology improves maintenance problems should be minimized. This should also help to bring down the cost of treatment.
*110/150/5*

SURGERY FOR WEIGHT LOSS: IMPLANTABLE GASTRIC STIMULATION DEVICES

July 3rd, 2011

Gastric stimulation is a recently developed approach to surgically induced weight loss. A small laparoscopically implanted pacing device – an implantable gastric stimulation (IGS) device, developed from an original concept by Dr Valerio Cigaina in Italy – provides electrical stimulation to the smooth muscle of the wall of the stomach. The IGS is placed in a subcutaneous pocket in the abdomen. Surgery usually takes less than 1 hour. An external programmer communicates non-invasively with the implanted device and allows modification of the electrical parameters. The gastric stimulation produces an increase in satiety levels and results in decreased calorific intake. It can therefore help patients lose weight in combination with standard behaviour and dietary modifications. Early studies in Europe and North America in over 200 patients show weight loss equating to 25% of excess body weight after 3 years, with a remarkably low level of immediate postoperative and long-term adverse complications. Advantages would appear to be the ease of surgical insertion, the relative absence of side-effects and the very promising long-term results. Disadvantages include the battery life of the pacer (average 5 years) and the possible future need for replacement.*60/312/5*

PITYRIASIS ROSEA

June 29th, 2011
Pityriasis rosea is an acute inflammatory disease of the skin with severe scaling and flaking of the outer layer, often in circular patches. The cause appears to be unknown, although it is thought to be the result of a viral agent. This skin disorder affects both male and female, producing low-grade fever and headaches. A further symptom is that it can cause moments of real distress prior to the occurrence of the skin eruptions. Fortunately the lesions do not often appear on the facial skin, but when present they display themselves mostly on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. These can become very dry and cause cracks, coupled with intense skin irritation. It is possible that the problem may burn itself out, but it is better not to take a chance and to seek medical advice. Usually this condition responds well to Echinaforce, the natural antibiotic from the Bioforce range. As pityriasis rosea is relatively uncommon, it sometimes takes a little time before it is diagnosed correctly.
In some pityriasis rosea patients I have found that the thyroid gland was either under- or over-active. (It is commonly observed that skin disorders often involve the thyroid gland.) Usually this indicates a hormonal imbalance, or a deficiency of essential fatty acids. Sometimes I suggest that the body temperature is measured ten minutes before getting out of bed in the morning, by placing a thermometer under the arm. If the temperature is under 36.5 degrees Celsius, it could well be that the thyroid is under-active and this must be brought to the attention of a doctor or practitioner. With an over-active thyroid, the temperature is usually over 36.8 degrees Celsius, and medical treatment may also be necessary.
As with most skin disorders, I would prescribe vitamin F. Lecithin is a better-known name for this vitamin, although this is not quite correct as vitamin F mostly appears in unsaturated fatty acids. Vitamin F helps to regulate the rate of blood coagulation and performs a vital function in breaking up cholesterol deposited on arterial walls. It is essential for normal glandular activity, especially of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland, and it also nourishes the skin and is essential for healthy mucous membranes and nerves. It can be of great help when combined with Lecithin. Deficiency of vitamin F can lead to a raised metabolic rate and frequently displays itself externally as eczema. As vitamin F is in short supply in most diets, it is well worth knowing the foods that are rich in this vitamin, i.e. soya beans, soya oil, sunflower, corn and wheat germ oil, and oily fish, such as salmon, tuna, halibut, and mackerel. For many skin conditions I recommend rice, which is an excellent balanced food and rich in vitamin F. Eating nuts such as almonds and brazils can also be helpful as these contain a great deal of vitamin F. Over-activity of the sebaceous glands is restricted by vitamin F which explains its relevance to the thyroid glands. The combined vitamins E and F perform an excellent task in most skin conditions, but especially so in the case of pityriasis rosea. Among homoeopathic remedies, I must single out phosphorus.
A while ago, a Jamaican lady who thought that she had pityriasis rosea came to see me. When I studied her skin I noticed some similarities, but I wasn’t quite convinced. It transpired that she suffered from a condition called Lupus erythematosus, a condition I have also written about in my book Arthritis, Rheumatism and Psoriasis. The lupus condition, however, is ten times worse than pityriasis, and certainly requires specialised medical attention. This lady told me that she had been advised to use extract of couch grass, which is a marvellous kidney cleanser and therefore of great help, especially for lupus conditions. However, for pityriasis rosea I prefer to use Harpagophytum, and advise patients to brew this as a tea, which can be drunk in small amounts several times during the day. If the condition is very persistent I also recommend Petasan (extract of the petasites root). A mixture of herbal tea made from catnip, bayberry, golden seal, myrrh, Irish moss, fenugreek, chickweed, comfrey root, cayenne, buckle weed and yellow dog, will help to overcome this condition very quickly.
Earlier I mentioned the use of garlic (although I can understand that people have objections to the lingering smell). Fortunately Nature’s Best have produced Pure-Gar, a deodorised garlic capsule. The medicinal use of garlic is cheap when compared to the price of drugs and as garlic has a host of medicinal qualities, not only for culinary and internal use, but also for the treatment of wounds or as an antiseptic, I can well understand why people have such a high regard for this wonderful remedy which grows freely in the wild. Garlic is one of the few foods that contain vitamin B17, which is the anti-cancer vitamin. It has many other properties because it activates not only the glands, but will restore the bacterial balance in the bowels and cleanse the blood. It is therefore useful for angina and circulatory and skin problems.
For pityriasis rosea I would also like to add some dietary guidelines. For a period of time eliminate all meat and fish from the diet, and white flour, white sugar, fried foods, coffee, sweets, chocolate and alcohol. Instead eat lots of raw fruits and vegetables and wholemeal bread. Avoid stress and take action to ensure that the system is free of constipation. Activate the skin by sunbathing and try some hydrotherapy treatment: alternate the bath water from hot to cold and change from a shower to the bath.
For external use I would recommend St John’s Wort Oil from Dr Vogel, or dab the affected skin areas with PoHo oil or linseed oil. At all costs I would advise avoiding steroid creams or other strong ointments or creams. Use instead the Seven Herb Cream, Bioforce Cream or Echinacea Cream. These creams are all readily absorbed into the skin and this allows the active ingredients in the herbal extract to begin working immediately, without leaving an oily residue.
It used to be thought that it was impossible for creams to be absorbed by the skin. This was because the skin, and especially the outer layer, or epidermis, acts as a barrier and makes it impossible for water to penetrate the skin. This is quite logical, considering that one of the most important functions of the skin is to protect the body against external influences. Under an electron microscope it is possible to count nineteen layers that together make up the epidermis. These layers consist of flattened, dead cells which are closely packed together. Between these cells, lipids can be found which act as a glue-like substance. Tiny glands in the skin secrete a fatty substance, for the purpose of destroying bacteria on the surface, which explains the general assumption that the skin can neither absorb nor be penetrated. Modern technological research, however, has found ways of penetrating the skin. Firstly, skin penetration can be influenced positively by good skin care and cleanliness. Secondly, medical research has revealed the presence of liposomes, which are sometimes described as minute ‘transport balls or bubbles’. Since then this knowledge has been used to great advantage by the cosmetics industry. It is the minute size of the liposomes that allows them to penetrate the skin, both through the cells and in between the cells of the epidermis. It is thanks to this relatively new technology that we can now happily recommend such treatment creams as those mentioned above for the benefit of skin conditions.
*38\147\2*

MENTAL MIASMAS

June 19th, 2011
Koch, Pasteur, and the other microbe hunters of the nineteenth century buried the miasma theory by providing hard evidence for the germ theory of disease. So what are the “modern miasmas”?
Consider mental illnesses. Ask medical experts what causes schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and a vague answer will probably be offered, something about biochemical imbalances in the brain. Ask what causes the imbalances and another vague answer will be likely, something about genetic predispositions, stress, and traumatic episodes during critical periods of emotional development. You might even get the vaguest, safest, and least informative pronouncement of all: a mix of environmental and genetic factors. This response tells us nothing, because every disease is a mix of environmental and genetic factors. Infection itself can be considered an environmental factor. An informative answer would identify the particular factors and their specific roles in the process. Today’s vague references to something arising from the environment and inherent resistances or vulnerabilities to that something are akin to the statements made by the miasmatists during the nineteenth century. The mind is complicated, but we can pursue a more tangible understanding of mental illness.
Contrast the vague causal explanations of mental illnesses with the view that has been coming from researchers on infectious causation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Evidence of infection with Borna disease virus has been found in about 60 percent of patients with these two diseases by research groups in Japan and Germany. Similar evidence of infection has been found in less than 5 percent of subjects who do not have either disease. The virus infects the brains of a wide range of mammal species, such as horses, sheep, cats, and rodents, and tends to infect those parts of the brain that are known to influence mood.
Experimental infection supports a causal role for Borna disease virus in these two mental illnesses. Infection of rats causes them to lose control of their fear response. Uninfected rats pause after a loud noise, check out the situation, and then resume their activities. Infected rats do not pause. After the sound they seem compelled to keep moving in spite of the potentially dangerous disruption. Normal rats gradually seek out shadowy areas if they find themselves in bright light. The infected rats don’t show this potentially lifesaving preference for areas in which they would be less conspicuous to predators.
Research led by schizophrenia expert Fuller Torrey incriminates the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, a distant relative of the protozoan that causes malaria. T. gondii has its sexual phase in cats much as the malaria protozoans have their sexual phase in mosquitoes. Cats acquire T. gondii by eating other vertebrates infected with the protozoan much as mosquitoes acquire the malaria protozoan by drinking the blood of vertebrates. T. gondii stays put inside the cat intestines, where it is unlikely to do much harm. It ranges widely in the bodies of other vertebrate hosts, forming cysts in the brain and other tissues. If T. gondii makes a mouse a bit mentally disoriented, all the better for capture by the cat. When the protozoan infects humans from cat feces, it is in its mouse phase rather than its cat phase. Perhaps it affects our minds as though we were the mouse in a mouse-cat cycle of transmission. Whatever the actual explanation, Torrey has found T. gondii more commonly in schizophrenia patients than in controls, and has found schizophrenia less commonly where cats are not kept as pets.
Schizophrenia is also more common among people who were born in late winter and early spring, and in urban rather than rural environments. These associations suggest infectious causation though they do not implicate a particular pathogen—cats could play a role in transmitting Borna disease virus or T. gondii. Both pathogens commonly infect cats. Knowing that T. gondii is transmitted to humans from cat feces, I find myself casting suspicious glances at our litter box, which our cat uses eagerly during the cold months of January through March though rarely during the rest of the year. When I hear the telltale scratching from inside the box, I wonder what the cat might be tracking around the house after it leaves the box. The transmission of T. gondii from mother to fetus is well documented; its effects on miscarriages are sufficiently well accepted that pregnant women are advised not to have cats as pets. Perhaps schizophrenia will prove to be a less conspicuous facet of the same maternal transmission, particularly during the winter months, when transmission from cat to mother and baby is heightened by the tendency of all to spend more time indoors.
As mentioned earlier, in the context of atherosclerosis, the fact that two or more pathogens are implicated as causes of a given mental illness is no reason to doubt a role for either one. Eventually we may speak of viral schizophrenia or toxoplasmic schizophrenia in the same way that we now speak of viral pneumonia or streptococcal pneumonia.
Testing infectious causation of mental illnesses is difficult because mental illnesses are defined according to human minds. We feel relatively confident that different people are having similar feelings, partly because we can discuss our feelings with each other and see if they correspond. That confidence begins to disintegrate when we look at behavioral changes in other animals, partly because other animals cannot express themselves to humans as articulately as most humans can express themselves to each other, but also because human brains are more alike anatomically and physiologically than they are like animal brains. How does one tell whether a rodent is paranoid, hallucinating, or depressed? Animal models will not be as definitive for studying mental illnesses as they have been for other illnesses, and ethical considerations preclude human experimentation.
We are left with scientific paralysis if we doggedly adhere to the standards of proof that have been established for acute infectious diseases. To converge on the most reasonable explanation, we will have to change the standards of proof that are required for acceptance of infectious causation of mental illnesses. This conclusion may sound like abandonment of rigor, but actually it is essential to maintain scientific rigor. How many controlled experiments have demonstrated that humans evolved from ancestral apes? None. We accept this explanation because no other explanation we can think of accounts for the entire body of evidence nearly as well. If we did not do so, science would be less informative. We must be ready to use such standards for the causation of mental illnesses and other chronic diseases.
The gold standard of evidence has not been met for any of the chronic diseases that have recently been accepted as having infectious origins. In fact, the abandonment of the highest standards of proof is the very reason there has been a resumption of recognition of infectious causation. No one has demonstrated that cervical cancer is caused by human papillomaviruses or that liver cancer is caused by hepatitis C viruses according to the same standard met by researchers in demonstrating rhinoviruses to be a cause of the common cold. Explanations that do not incorporate infection as a primary cause simply fail to accord with the entire set of observations.
How could invisible specks of protein and genetic material generate something that seems as complicated and human as clinical depression or schizophrenia? All the symptoms that are seen in patients who are ill are characteristics that would make sense if they were present in other contexts and in moderation. Feeling moderately depressed often occurs in response to failure to achieve goals that were too high. Its unpleasant sensations maybe a useful human adaptation that causes individuals to reassess a situation and set more realistic goals, much as the pain felt for hours after a burn may cause a person to be more careful around hot objects. Seeing things and hearing voices is great, as long as the things and voices are really there. Infectious agents may simply cause certain circuits to fire when they would ordinarily not fire, or to fire more intensely than is warranted in a particular situation. This kind of effect is easy to envision if one thinks of the brain as a set of complex circuits and feedback loops. A circuit may generate a particular sensation; collections of circuits may be orchestrated into functional modules that generate more complex thoughts and mental skills. If an infection modifies one or more of the feedback loops by destroying some neurons, the sensation or thought process may take on characteristics that are out of place for the environment. Images may be seen that are not there. Sounds may be imagined. Emotional states may be more intense and incapacitating than would be appropriate for the situation.
This kind of logic has been applied to juvenile-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder. Afflicted kids may show a constant fear of contamination by germs, an incessant need to wash their hands, and uncontrollable tics. Brain scans show a swelling in the basal ganglia, a part of the brain that may exert control over such activities. Case studies during the 1990s revealed an association with streptococcal infection, much as streptococcal infections were linked to rheumatic fever during the first half of the twentieth century. Inflammatory responses to the streptococcal infection may short-circuit neurological mechanisms that inhibit normal activities, or they may directly activate the circuits for these activities. The net result is that a person continues to think and do things beyond the point that would be beneficial in a given situation.
*44\225\2*

MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES: OBJECTIVES OF TREATMENT IN DIABETES MELLITUS

June 7th, 2011
The Objective of treatment in diabetes mellitus are —
To relieve Symptoms.
To have smooth control of blood sugar in normal range (attain and maintain).
To attain and maintain ideal or near ideal body weight in adults
To ensure normal growth pattern in children.
To ensure normal growth pattern of foetus in a pregnant woman and maintain good metabolic control throughout pregnancy for safe delivery.
To monitor target organs regularly in order to prevent, arrest, postpone or revert the complications of diabetes mellitus.
HOW TO ACHIEVE OBJECTIVES
These objectives may at present be achieved by
Effective meal planning.
Exercise, Yoga, Games.
Oral Hypoglycaemic Agents (OHA).
Insulin therapy.
Monitoring of Diabetes and Education — the effects of treatment
*25\329\8*

BACH FLOWER REMEDIES: RED CHESTNUT’S CASES

May 24th, 2011
Case No. 1 : “Doctor, I have a very weak heart. Yesterday I saw a child being over-run by a scooterist in a road accident. I could not stay to see the condition of the child or the scooterist.  I just felt violent thumping of heart and choking in my wind pipe. I have not regained normalcy uptill now and am feeling unduly concerned about the mothers of the child and the young scooterist involved in the accident. My old headache has returned with a vengeance”.
Red Chestnut remedy cured the case.
Case No. 2 : Mrs. Mehra was feeling relieved of many chronic troubles by taking a combination of White Chestnut & Walnut. One day she complained that her old pains seemed to repeat. On questioning she confessed that she had been attending on her brother the whole night, as he had fractured his leg in a road-accident the previous evening.
Gentian (for set-back in her condition) and Red Chestnut (for worry due to brother’s accident) was added to the previous prescription and she felt alright after a couple of days.
*161\308\8*

WHO GETS OCD: THERESE OF LISIEUX

May 18th, 2011
patron saint of France. Therese of Lisieux (1873-1897) appears to have endured disabling obsessive-compulsive disorder that started at age twelve. Interestingly, her OCD improved when she entered a Carmelite convent at age fifteen. Therese tells in Story of a Sonl of that early period in her life:
It was during the retreat for my second communion that I was assailed by the terrible sickness of scruples. One would have to pass through this martyrdom to understand it well, and for me to express what I suffered for a year and a half would be impossible. All my most simple thoughts and actions became the cause of trouble for me, and I had relief only when I told them to Marie. This cost me dearly, for I believed I was obliged to tell her the absurd thoughts I had even about her. As soon as I laid down my burden, I experienced peace for an instant; but it passed away like a lightning flash.
While in the midst of an obsessional crisis Therese writes: “If you only knew what frightful thoughts obsess me! … I would like to be able to express what I feel, but alas! I believe this is impossible. . . . Must one have thoughts like this when one loves God so much? . . . I undergo them under duress, but while undergoing them I never cease making acts of faith.”
The obsessions that tormented Therese were primarily excessive fears of committing sins, or “scruples.” That her scruples represented what we now call clinical obsessions is indicated by her strenuous resistance to them, as well as by her full insight into their “absurd” nature. Her compulsions included constant reassurance seeking, as well as, perhaps, “ceaseless acts of faith.” Note that Therese herself tellingly refers to her problem as a “sickness.”
*17/338/2*

EATING RULES FOR WEIGHT LOSS: INCLUDE PROTEIN AT MEAL

May 7th, 2011
Include a small amount of protein at each meal: breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Protein is the most difficult food to digest; therefore, it stays in the stomach longer, providing a feeling of fullness. Protein is a chain of amino acids. Many people assume that when you eat protein, it is immediately converted to usable human protein, but that is not true.
Think of protein as a beaded necklace, with the individual beads as the amino acids. What you take in as protein (the beaded necklace) must be broken apart into separate amino acids (break apart the necklace into individual beads) and then rebuilt as a new chain of amino acids to become human protein (restring the individual beads to form a new necklace). This process takes time, which is why protein is the most complicated food for the body to digest.
For protein at breakfast, I strongly recommend that you include egg whites (which really fill me up), soy breakfast patties, cottage cheese (go for the low-fat, 2% or less) or low-fat yogurt. Once again, if you eat a breakfast that includes some protein, you will stay full longer.
*54/280/5*